A Block Legal Studies - Today we'll talk about the LGBTQ+ community in Canada and the Civil Marriage Act (which legalized same-sex marriage in Canada on July 20, 2005). In Canada, same-sex sexual activities between consenting adults were considered crimes punishable by imprisonment before 1969. That year, the Canadian government passed a bill decriminalizing private sexual acts between two people over the age of 21 – a breakthrough in treating gay men, lesbians and bisexuals equally under the law. Almost ten years later, in 1977, Quebec became the first jurisdiction in Canada to amend its provincial charter of human rights to include sexual orientation as a prohibited ground for discrimination. In 1996, the Canadian Human Rights Act was amended to specifically include sexual orientation as one of the prohibited grounds of discrimination. In Egan v. Canada (1995) the Supreme Court of Canada held that although "sexual orientation" is not listed as a ground for discrimination in section 15(1) of the Charter, it constitutes an equivalent ground on which claims of discrimination may be based.
Finally we'll take a closer look at the concepts of bias, prejudice, and discrimination.
FYI: Wednesday (March 15th - Aaahhhhhh...the "Ides of March") is your introductory unit final test in Law. The unit test will cover the first three chapters of the All About Law text and will have: 15 True/False questions; 15 Multiple Choice questions; 15 Matching questions; and 3 Short Answer questions. You should be fluent in the following topics:
Substantive and Procedural Law
Divisions of Public and Private Law (Criminal, Constitutional and Administrative for Public and Tort, Family, Contract, Property and Labour for Private)
Case Law (precedent) and Statute Law
Understanding Case Citations (R v. Person....Person v. Person)
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Section 1 Reasonable Limits, Section 2 Fundamental Freedoms, Section 6 Mobility Rights, Sections 7-14 Legal Rights, Section 15 Equality Rights and Section 33 Notwithstanding Clause)
Charter changes (Read in, Read down and Strike down) and Solutions (Remedies)
Discrimination and Human Rights
Human Rights issues for women (pay equity, employment equity, unintentional or adverse effect discrimination - poisoned work environments)
Human Rights issues for Canada's Indigenous populations (Calder, Glaude and Delgamuukw decisions)
Remember, no lawyer works in isolation and on your test neither will you. You may not use notes, however, you may collaborate with colleagues on the test.
B Block Criminology - Today we are going to the library to work on our next blog / journal entry. Below, you'll find a question on hyper-masculinity, male socialization, and sexual assault. I will need you to answer that question and then find a news story about a sexual assault. You will need to try to explain the motivation and roots of the behaviour of the assaulter in the story.
Explain how sexual behaviour could be socialized in males. Do you think that males who commit sexual assault are "hyper-masculine"? Why and where do men learn "hyper-masculine" behaviour?
The factors that predispose men to commit sexual assault include evolutionary factors, male socialization, psychological abnormality, and social learning. Most criminologists believe that rape is not sexually motivated. The evolutionary and biological factors of males suggest that sexual assault may be instinctual and developed over the ages in an effort to perpetuate the species. This notion holds that men who are sexually aggressive will have a reproductive edge over their more passive peers. Conversely, the male socialization view argues that men are socialized to be the aggressors and expect to be sexually active with many women. Sexual insecurity, then, may then lead some men to commit sexual assault to bolster their self-image. Hyper-masculine men typically have a callous sexual attitude and believe that violence is manly. Finally, another view is that men learn to commit sexual assaults as they learn any other behaviour.
Before you write your blog for the day PLEASE read this article: "The conversation you must have with your sons" AND this article "Why campuses are too often the scene of sex crimes" AND check out this TIME article Girls in the U.K. Report Being 'Fetishized' and Sexually Harassed in Their School Uniforms
Then, think about the media we are exposed to in youth...Check out the official Miss Representation website.
C Block Human Geography - Today we'll try to answer the Key Questions Why Do People Migrate and Where Do People Migrate Within a Country? To do this we'll look at push and pull factors along with the difference between a refugee and an internally displaced person. I'll have you fill in a chart on push/pull factors and then we'll look at internal rather than international migration (migration within a country). The text talks about Russia, Canada, China, and Brazil so you'll need to fill in a chart on these 4 case studies of internal migration. Migration between Regions in the Two Largest Countries - The world’s largest countries in land area are Russia and Canada. Interregional migration has been an important means to opening up regions of these large countries for economic development. Migration in Canada was voluntary and in Russia during the Soviet Era it was sometimes forced. Migration Between Regions in China and Brazil - The world’s largest countries in land area other than Russia, Canada, and the United States are China and Brazil. Government policies encourage interregional migration in Brazil by moving the capital of the Brazil from the densely populated southern coastal city of Rio de Janeiro to the sparsely populated interior city of Brasilia. The Chinese have restricted the migration of people from the interior to the coast.
D Block Physical Geography - Today we'll watch the Discovery Channel Raging Planet Volcanoes episode...Sweet!
The primary eruption characteristic used to determine the volcanic explosivity index is the volume of pyroclastic material ejected by the volcano. Pyroclastic material includes volcanic ash, tephra, pyroclastic flows, and other types of ejecta. The height of the eruption column and the duration of the eruption are also considered in assigning a VEI level to an eruption. The VEI scale begins at 0 and goes up to 8, with each step in the scale representing an explosivity increase of 10x. So, a VEI 5 is roughly ten times more explosive than a VEI 4. Two steps of the scale is an increase of 100x in explosivity, so a VEI 6 is roughly 100 times more explosive than a VEI 4. For context the Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai volcanic eruption in January 2022 was somewhere between a VEI 5 and a VEI 6(closer to 6, I mean it blasted millions of tons of water into space after all)
For more on the differences between explosive and effusive eruptions see:
San Diego State University "How Volcanoes Work"
Volcano World "Volcanic Gasses"
Science World 2005 "When Mountains Fizz"
From Geology.com
The primary eruption characteristic used to determine the volcanic explosivity index is the volume of pyroclastic material ejected by the volcano. Pyroclastic material includes volcanic ash, tephra, pyroclastic flows, and other types of ejecta. The height of the eruption column and the duration of the eruption are also considered in assigning a VEI level to an eruption. The VEI scale begins at 0 and goes up to 8, with each step in the scale representing an explosivity increase of 10x. So, a VEI 5 is roughly ten times more explosive than a VEI 4. Two steps of the scale is an increase of 100x in explosivity, so a VEI 6 is roughly 100 times more explosive than a VEI 4. For context the Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai volcanic eruption in January 2022 was somewhere between a VEI 5 and a VEI 6(closer to 6, I mean it blasted millions of tons of water into space after all)
Volcanologists classify eruptions into several different types. Some are named for particular volcanoes where the type of eruption is common; others concern the resulting shape of the eruptive products or the place where the eruptions occur.
In a Hawaiian eruption, fluid basaltic lava is thrown into the air in jets from a vent or line of vents (a fissure) at the summit or on the flank of a volcano. Strombolian eruptions are distinct bursts of fluid lava (usually basalt or basaltic andesite) from the mouth of a magma-filled summit conduit. The explosions usually occur every few minutes at regular or irregular intervals. A Vulcanian eruption is a short, violent, relatively small explosion of viscous magma (usually andesite, dacite, or rhyolite). This type of eruption results from the fragmentation and explosion of a plug of lava in a volcanic conduit, or from the rupture of a lava dome (viscous lava that piles up over a vent). Vulcanian eruptions create powerful explosions in which material can travel faster than 350 meters per second (800 mph) and rise several kilometers into the air. The largest and most violent of all the types of volcanic eruptions are Plinian eruptions. They are caused by the fragmentation of gassy magma, and are usually associated with very viscous magmas (dacite and rhyolite). They release enormous amounts of energy and create eruption columns of gas and ash that can rise up to 50 km (35 miles) high at speeds of hundreds of meters per second.
We'll figure out the differences between explosive and effusive volcanic eruptions (think silica and gas).
When it comes to liquids, viscosity is a measurement of how thick or flowy it is. When lava has low viscosity, it can flow very easily over long distances. This creates the classic rivers of lava, with channels, puddles and fountains. You can also get bubbles of lava filled with volcanic gasses that burble and pop on the surface of the lava. When lava has a high viscosity, it’s very thick and doesn’t flow very well at all. Instead of rivers of lava, you can get crumbling piles of rock flowing down hill. It can also clog up the volcanic vent and form blocks that resist the flow of lava. Viscous lava will trap pockets of gas within the rock, and not let them pop as bubbles on the surface.
The types of magma produced in the various volcanic settings can differ significantly. At divergent boundaries and oceanic mantle plumes, where there is little interaction with crustal materials the magma tends to be consistently mafic (which is a low viscosity magma). At subduction zones, where the magma ascends through significant thicknesses of crust, interaction between the magma and the crustal rock—some of which is quite felsic (which is a high viscosity magma)
For more on the differences between explosive and effusive eruptions see:
San Diego State University "How Volcanoes Work"
Volcano World "Volcanic Gasses"
Science World 2005 "When Mountains Fizz"
And on Saturday, Mount Merapi (Indonesia's most active volcano) erupted as well
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