The steepness of a slope can be expressed as an angle, ranging from 0° for a horizontal surface to 90° for a vertical cliff; most natural slopes are 30° or less. Slope can also be expressed as a gradient, which is the ratio between the elevation change of the slope and the horizontal length over which the change occurs. In algebra terms, it is the rise over the run. For example, if a slope drops 10 meters over a distance of 100 meters, it has a gradient of 0.1 (i.e., 10/100). On highway signs, this number is multiplied by 100 to convert it to a percent, and written as “% grade”. A road that drops 5 meters in a distance of 100 meters has a gradient of 0.05 (5/100), or a 5% grade (5/100 × 100%). Highway grades are rarely more than 8%.
For the last question about heartland and hinterland check out the following links on core and periphery (same concept) at:
To help visualize Prince Rupert watch these:
C Block Human Geography - So, Tobler’s First law of Geography states that Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things. Therefore the interaction between places diminishes in intensity and frequency as distance between them increases (time-distance decay). Diffusion is the process of dissemination, the spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth (place of origin) to other areas. What slows/prevents diffusion? - time-distance decay...the further something is apart from it's hearth the lesser the intensity of its transmission may become. Anything else?
I'll have you define Hearth and then Relocation Diffusion and Expansion Diffusion along with the three types Contagious, Hierarchical, and Stimulus Diffusion. You'll also need to give examples of each type. Finally, in your first work package I've asked you to plot the following fast food restaurant chains on the map provided: McDonalds, Tim Horton’s, Starbucks, A&W, and Subway (don’t forget essentials…I’ve given you scale but you need a legend, a title and direction). After you'll need to answer the question:
What pattern exists and why are the fast food restaurants located in that pattern (give at least three reasons – use the concepts of site, situation, and region in your response along with density, distribution, and concentration)
B Block Legal Studies - The Charter is in place to ensure that the rights and freedoms of Canadians are protected. Requiring the government to justify Charter infringements ensures that these rights and freedoms are not arbitrarily limited by the government. The government has the burden of proving that any limit is justified. I'll have you in partners to discuss the Multani v. Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys (2006) case on pages 41-42 of the All About Law text. We'll share out together as a class
In November 2001, Gurbaj Multani’s kirpan accidentally fell out from under his clothing, raising questions among the school community about school safety and whether or not he should be permitted to continue to bring the kirpan to school. The incident sparked a great deal of dispute among members of the school board and community. On one hand, parents and school administrators argued that, the kirpan could be used as a dangerous weapon in the school, and therefore violated the school’s code of conduct prohibiting the carrying of weapons. On the other hand, Gurbaj believes that his religion requires him to wear a kirpan at all times; a kirpan is a religious object that resembles a dagger and must be made of metal. In deciding on whether or not Gurbaj should be permitted to wear his kirpan, the Supreme Court weighed the consequences of limiting Gurbaj’s religious freedoms against the school’s obligation to maintain a safe school environment.
FYI: Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth guru of the Sikh order, founded the Khalsa in 1699. He commanded that the Five Ks or the five articles of faith be worn by Khalsa Sikhs at all times. The five articles of faith namely the Kesh (Hair), Kacchera (specific type of undergarments), Kangha (wooden comb), Kada (iron bracelet) and Kirpan (curved sword), collectively contribute to a Sikh’s external identity and a commitment to the Sikh way of life. The Kirpan is a short dagger that symbolizes a Sikh’s duty to come to the defense of those in peril. All baptised Sikhs wear it on their bodies at all times. It stands for bravery and protecting the weak and innocent, constantly reminding them of their duty to help those who suffer unjustly.
The council of commissioners’ decision prohibiting [Gurbaj Singh Multani] from wearing his kirpan to school infringes his freedom of religion. [Multani] genuinely believes that he would not be complying with the requirements of his religion were he to wear a plastic or wooden kirpan, and none of the parties have contested the sincerity of his belief. The interference with [Multani]’s freedom of religion is neither trivial nor insignificant, as it has deprived him of his right to attend a public school. The infringement of [Multani]’s freedom of religion cannot be justified under s. 1 of the Canadian Charter. Although the council’s decision to prohibit the wearing of a kirpan was motivated by a pressing and substantial objective, namely to ensure a reasonable level of safety at the school, and although the decision had a rational connection with the objective, it has not been shown that such a prohibition minimally impairs [Multani]’s rights.
After, I'll have you continue your Charter work by answering questions 1-4 of the Canada (Attorney General) v. JTI Macdonald Corp., (2007) on page 44 in the text. This deals with whether limits imposed on tobacco manufacturers’ freedom of expression by provisions of Tobacco Act and Tobacco Products Information Regulations are justified (referring to Charter sections section 2.b Freedom of Expression and section 1 Reasonable Limits). For help with Canada (Attorney General) v. JTI Macdonald Corp., (2007) check out:
Canadian Out of Home Marketing & Measurement Bureau Tobacco Guidelines
Canadian Encyclopedia Tobacco Advertising Ban Unconstitutional
The Atlantic Does Cigarette Marketing Count as Free Speech?
Tobacco control laws Canada
Yes Victoria, there is a limit to free speech
No logos: Tobacco firms under tight timeline to adopt plain packaging
Plain cigarette packs to hit shelves as 'best in the world' regulations kick in
Imperial Tobacco Canada Plain Pack
*warning there is potty mouth so please be aware and watch with care
A Block Criminology - Today, I'd like you to choose 5 Violent, 5 Property and 5 Social crimes in Canada, from the lists below, and identify if you think they are increasing, decreasing or are steady (unchanging).
Violent violations include: homicide, attempted murder, sexual assault (levels 1-3), assault level 3 aggravated, assault level 2 weapon or bodily harm, assault level 1, assault peace officer, assaulting with a weapon or causing bodily harm to a peace officer, aggravated assault to a peace officer, robbery, criminal harassment, uttering threats, sexual violations against children, firearms (use of, discharge, pointing), forcible confinement or kidnapping, abduction, extortion, Indecent/Harassing communications, commodification of sexual activity,
Property violations include: B&E, theft of motor vehicle, theft over $5000, theft under $5000, mischief, possession of stolen property, trafficking in stolen property, fraud, identity theft, identity fraud, arson, altering, removing or destroying vehicle identification number (VIN).
Social violations include: disturbing the peace, impaired driving, child pornography (possession, production and distribution), drug offences (possession, production and distribution), weapons (possession, production and distribution), prostitution (purchasing sexual services or communicating with the intention of buying sex)
Today's Fit...
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