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| Mr. Ingram's photo |
We'll start with the high tide line/drift line (supralittoral), work through the inter tidal zone (mesolittoral), and finish with the swash zone (infralittoral). Often the wrack line (last high tide line) is covered in seaweed and other material (i.e. plastic pollution and beach litter). If there are multiple wrack lines, all details describing which wrack line was evaluated should be included in your notes. Identification should be to the species level if possible. Use magnifiers, identification sheets, and field identification books to help you identify organisms. If unsure note it with a question mark and take a picture of it. For algae, identifying to genus is often all that is practical in the field. There are two types of data being collected in the primary survey – percent cover and species presence/abundance. Percent cover takes into account both living and dead material – species presence/abundance only records living organisms.
Our low tide at Point Holmes will be 1.32m (4.3ft) at 09:29 am.
B Block Legal Studies - Today we'll look at discrimination in Canada focusing on women's issues of injustice connected employment and pay equity, sexual harassment, and discrimination against pregnant women. On a global scale consider this: From the UN HDI GII...
"Gender inequality remains a major barrier to human development. Girls and women have made major strides since 1990, but they have not yet gained gender equity. The disadvantages facing women and girls are a major source of inequality. All too often, women and girls are discriminated against in health, education, political representation, labour market, etc. with negative consequences for development of their capabilities and their freedom of choice".
UNICEF USA: Towards Gender Equality from UNICEF USA on Vimeo.
The GII measures gender inequalities in three important aspects of human development:
(from the OHRC) While sexual harassment occurs across different occupations and industry sectors, research suggests that it is more common in certain types of employment. For example, sexual harassment complaints are high in traditionally male-dominated work environments, such as the military, policing, firefighting, mining and construction work.
The GII measures gender inequalities in three important aspects of human development:
- Reproductive health; measured by maternal mortality ratio and adolescent birth rates;
- Empowerment; measured by proportion of parliamentary seats occupied by females and proportion of adult females and males aged 25 years and older with at least some secondary education and
- Economic status; expressed as labour market participation and measured by labour force participation rate of female and male populations aged 15 years and older.
Better educated women tend to be healthier, participate more in the formal labor market, earn higher incomes, have fewer children, marry at a later age, and enable better health care and education for their children, should they choose to become mothers. All these factors combined can help lift households, communities, and nations out of poverty. According to UNESCO estimates, 130 million girls between the age of 6 and 17 are out of school and 15 million girls of primary-school age—half of them in sub-Saharan Africa— will never enter a classroom. Poverty remains the most important factor for determining whether a girl can access an education. Studies consistently reinforce that girls who face multiple disadvantages — such as low family income, living in remote or underserved locations, disability or belonging to a minority ethno-linguistic group — are farthest behind in terms of access to and completion of education.
So, why do you think women and girls are discriminated against in health, education, political representation, and the labour market?
(from the OSSTF) In 2016, a report conducted by Statistics Canada showed that one in five Canadian women had been harassed at work in the past year, compared with one in eight Canadian men. The women who were most vulnerable to this type of abuse were young, single or unmarried. Indigenous women and those persons who identify as LGTBQ+2 were also disproportionately targeted by harassment.
I'll have you work on the following questions:
1. What are some of the current barriers to equality facing women?
2. What is pay equity?
3. How are different jobs compared under pay equity?
4. What is employment equity?
5. What groups are protected under employment equity laws?
1. What are some of the current barriers to equality facing women?
2. What is pay equity?
3. How are different jobs compared under pay equity?
4. What is employment equity?
5. What groups are protected under employment equity laws?
*warning there is potty mouth in the following videos so please be aware and watch with care
To help check out, Supreme Court orders female firefighter rehired
To help check out, Supreme Court orders female firefighter rehired
From the Canadian Human Rights Reporter:
The Supreme Court of Canada held that the Government of British Columbia's aerobic standard used to test the fitness of forest firefighters discriminated on the basis of sex, and further that the Government failed to show that the discriminatory standard is justified as a bona fide occupational requirement ("BFOR").
Canadian Labour Relations: Gender Discrimination in the Workplace
Human Rights in British Columbia: Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment
Most B.C. women have experienced gender discrimination: Poll
HUMAN RIGHTS CODE [RSBC 1996] CHAPTER 210
A Block Criminology - Today I would like to discuss with you the following:
Read the following hypothetical victim story (from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Course Module 11 Access to Justice for Victims) and we'll try to discuss the following together:
- What happened?
- What type of damage did the victim(s) suffer?
- What needs the victim(s) might have?
- What would be the best approach to ensuring justice for these victim(s)?
Allie and Mike are both in their mid-seventies. They are both retired, and since their children grew up and left, besides being grandparents, they look after themselves, travel, spend time in the community, and engaged with various hobbies. Mike had a hip replacement a few years ago and has some issue in walking; Allie has high blood pressure and is on heart medication. They have been together for 45 years.One night while returning from a concert performance, Allie was taking the keys from her bag, they were approached by two young men who distracted them by asking for directions. They seemed lost and were very gentle to the couple, apologizing. After spending a few seconds in exchanging information, one of the two young men, grabbed Allie's bag, where she had her purse, keys, her mobile and some photos and small objects, while the other young men hit Mike on his head, took his wallet and left him unconscious on the ground. Allie, in total shock, started shouting and asking for help. She did not have the phone anymore, and as much as she was shaking could not even shout; eventually, after ten minutes, someone called an ambulance and then the police arrived.They were both brought the hospital where Mile spent five days 'under observation' due to a mild concussion. When home, he could not stand on his own feet, as he was always dizzy and losing balance. Consequently, one of their sons moved in, and they also had to have some professional assistance.One of the two young men were arrested three days after the attack thanks to some cameras positioned in a nearby bank. He pleaded guilty, saying that he was under the effects of drug and alcohol and did not have the means to pay back any of the costs or damages.
Please add these three questions to the work from yesterday:
- What is victim blaming and what are its consequences?
- Why are some victims less likely to report the victimization they suffered? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- What can make a person more vulnerable for some type of crimes? Provide a few examples.
Based on the data reported to the GSS, there are certain characteristics that place an individual or a household at greater risk of victimization. In 2019, the key factors associated with higher odds of violent victimization were: being younger; being a woman; being a sexual minority; living in a neighbourhood where social disorder is perceived; having been homeless; having been abused, witnessed violence, or experienced harsh parenting or neglect during childhood, and; participating in a higher number of evening activities outside the home.
To help:
To help check out The Impact of Victimization prepared by the Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime and the Victims’ roles and rights in the criminal justice system and Criminal Victimization in Canada (from the most recent General Social Survey in 2019 - look at Reporting victimization to police Charts 7 and 8).
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