A Block Criminology - Today we're back in the library for you to continue your blog work. For this new entry I'd like you to find out as much information as you can about two notorious Canadian murderers... you may choose ONE from Clifford Robert Olson Jr. (pleading guilty to 11 counts of first-degree murder here in BC) , Robert William Pickton, (convicted of 6 counts of second-degree murder here in BC), Elizabeth Wetlauffer (convicted of 8 counts of first-degree murder, 4 counts of attempted murder and 2 counts of aggravated assault in Ontario), or Bruce McArthur (plead guilty to each of the eight first-degree murder charges laid against him in Ontario) for Serial AND ONE from Marc Lépine , Alek Minassian or Alexandre Bissonnette for Mass.
For this assignment I'd like you to tell me what they did and why they did it....use Levin & Fox's typology of serial and mass murder to explain motives. Do not use Wikipedia as your source for this assignment use the links on the names above. Aside from answering what they did and why they did it, also try to state which serial killer category Olson, Pickton, Wetlauffer or McArthur is: mission-oriented, hedonistic, visionary, power/control, thrill killer, expedience killer; (and define whichever category you select). Also, answer what can we learn from their horrific actions and is it ever possible to stop people like this in Canada? Why or Why not?
When looking for the typology of Serial Killers (for your assignment) consider the following excerpt from the book Serial Murder and the Psychology of Violent Crimes:
Serial Murder by Holmes, R. M., & DeBurger, J. E. (1988) identifies the following
1.Visionary Type—these murderers kill as a result of command hallucinations, delusions, or visions whose sources customarily include the forces of good or evil. These offenders are typically psychotic, leaving the crime scene in utter disarray. The homicides occur quickly with no extensive acts of torture. Frequently, the assailant relies on weapons of opportunity to commit his crimes and discards or locates the death instrument(s) in the victim’s body.
2. Mission-Oriented Type—the goal for these slayers is to kill certain types of people or to rid society of particular types of individuals. These serial murderers target victims based on their ethnicity, occupation (e.g., prostitutes), and/or age. Additionally, they determine whom to assail based on whether the person is deemed unworthy, undesirable, or somehow less than human. To illustrate, Jack the Ripper targeted prostitutes and viewed them as disposable. He dehumanized their bodies through mutilation in the process of killing them. In a letter written to the press by Jack the Ripper, he stated, “I am down on whores and shan’t quit ripping them.” Typically, the murders occur quickly and they are often planned. The mission-oriented offender does not engage in postmortem activities such as necrophilia or dismemberment and the weapon employed is not disposed of at the crime scene.
3. Hedonistic Type—these offenders murder as a result of sensation seeking or otherwise derive some sort of pleasure from their killings. Holmes and Holmes divided this type of assailant into two subcategories: the lust killer and the thrill killer. Both are summarily described below.
The lust killer murders principally for sexual gratification even if this does not entail traditional intercourse. However, sex or multiple sadistically erotic acts with a live victim are common. Sexually arousing behavior is the driving force for this offender, even after the person has killed the victim. Moreover, this attacker may also be sexually excited and/or satisfied from the murder itself. Ritualistic displays of sexual mutilation, facial disfigurement, cannibalism, body dismemberment, vampirism, and necrophilia are routinely featured in this type of homicidal act. The body is often concealed and the murder weapon taken. Close contact murder; specifically, beating or manual strangulation, are noted as most common.
The thrill killer murders for the visceral excitement the assailant experiences. However, once the victim is dead, the offender loses complete interest. As a result, the process of killing is prolonged as long as possible through extended acts of torture. The use of restraints and the presence of bite marks and burns on the victim’s body are characteristic behaviors for this type of slayer. Sadistic acts whose frequency is prolonged as long as possible prior to death, a concealed corpse, manual or ligature strangulation, and an animated victim during multiple sexual acts all characterize the patterns and motives of this type of assailant. manual or ligature strangulation, and an animated victim during multiple sexual acts all characterize the patterns and motives of this type of assailant.
4. Power/Control Oriented Type – these offenders harbor deep-seated feelings of inadequacy or attempt to compensate for a perceived lack of social or personal mastery over themselves by thoroughly dominating their victims. Holmes and DeBurger maintained that the primary motive for these offenders is not sexual in nature. Instead, these assailants desire complete and unfettered control over and subjugation of their powerless victims, including during the postmortem period. Consequently, torture, the use of restraints, strangulation, severed body parts, and decapitation are all routinely featured in these homicidal acts. A profound sense omnipotence – having the ultimate power of life or death over one’s victims as they cower and plead for their lives – fuels this type of serial killer. The act of murder is extended in order to increase the felt sense of gratification. The offender’s modus operandi is planned and organized, the body is concealed, and the weapon is absent.
B Block Legal Studies - Today we'll start with time to work on the court levels activity from Friday. Remember, you need to read through "Our Criminal Court System" from pages 134-136 in the All About Law textbook and complete questions 1-5 on page 138. After we're looking at arrests and warrants in Canada. Our focus will be on the options police have if they believe a suspect has committed a crime, in this we'll talk about appearance notices & arrests (both warrant-less and warrant arrests)
Section 495 of the criminal code grants the police the power to arrest someone when:
- they have reasonable grounds to believe the person has committed or is about to commit an indictable offence;
- they are committing a criminal offence;
- or when they have reasonable grounds to believe that there is a warrant for that person’s arrest.
Most warrants are only valid within the province where they have been obtained and many of those warrants will have restrictions setting out a kilometer radius. It is also possible to obtain an arrest warrant that applies across Canada, however this is much harder to do.
C/D Blocks Social and Environmental Sciences - In C Block with Benton we'll continue with Friday's work looking at the structure and removal of Tropical Rainforests in Borneo. First, some facts:
Covering 36 million square kilometres, or roughly 30 percent of the globe, the world’s forests are among its most important natural resources. For many communities, forests are crucial to food security and nutrition, to meeting energy needs (fuelwood), and to their ability to produce and sell non-timber forest products, which may account for a significant proportion of household income (From the OECD Forests and Violent Conflict). And from the World Resources Institute, Human society and the global economy are inextricably linked to forests. More than 1 billion people depend on forests for their livelihoods. And forest ecosystems play a critical role in stabilizing the climate; providing food, water, wood products, and vital medicines; and supporting much of the world’s biodiversity. So it can easily be seen that forests and how they are used can become a source of conflict. From Global Forest Watch
Red = Commodity-driven deforestation: long-term, permanent conversion of forest and shrubland to a non-forest land use such as agriculture (including oil palm), mining, or energy infrastructure
Yellow = Shifting agriculture: small to medium-scale forest and shrubland conversion for agriculture that is later abandoned and followed by subsequent forest regrowth
Green = Forestry: large-scale forestry operations occurring within managed forests and tree plantations
Brown = Wildfire: large-scale forest loss resulting from the burning of forest vegetation with no visible human conversion or agricultural activity afterward
Purple = Urbanization: forest and shrubland conversion for the expansion and intensification of existing urban centers.
The commodity-driven deforestation and urbanization categories represent permanent deforestation, while tree cover affected by the other categories often regrows. The data set does not indicate the stability or condition of land cover after the tree cover loss occurs, or distinguish between natural and anthropogenic wildfires.
Here are some Rainforest facts from Mongabay:
- Tropical forests presently cover about 2.4 billion hectares or about 16 percent of Earth's land surface.
- The world's largest rainforest is the Amazon rainforest and Brazil has the largest extent of rainforest cover, including nearly two-thirds of the Amazon.
- An estimated 50 percent of terrestrial biodiversity is found in rainforests
- Rainforests are thought to store at least 250 billion tons of carbon
- Deforestation and degradation of tropical forests account for roughly 10 percent of global greenhouse emissions from human activities
Farming, grazing of livestock, mining, and drilling combined account for more than half of all deforestation. Forestry practices, wildfires and, in small part, urbanization account for the rest. So, deforestation for agribusiness / industrial agriculture (specifically soy, biofuels and cattle) is an issue.
In D Block with Ms. Nadeau we start with a quick review of our Palm Oil Borneo Deforestation activity in class. A few questions to ponder:
- What do we know so far?
- What can we do as consumers?
- How is palm oil a global issue?
- What worldviews are at play here?
- What other global issues involving forests can you think of?
Next, we are in the library / learning commons to finish our work on palm oil. Remember, you need to look through the Interactive on Palm Oil and work through the handout (courtesy of Geographypods) that we gave you Friday. When you're finished with the Palm Oil activity watch the video below and then you have a question to answer is What are the similarities and differences between second growth forests and palm oil plantations (List 2 for each)?
Some things to consider
- Globally, what are the reasons for deforestation?
- What does the rainforest look like before deforestation and after?
- What are the competing worldviews at play for Palm Oil production?
Virunga/Bwindi region of Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Burundi and Uganda (Gorillas)
Rondônia or Maranhão in the Brazilian Amazon
Ogun State in Nigeria
Vancouver Island or Haida Gwaii here in British Columbia
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, La Macarena, and San Lucas mountains, and in the regions of Tumaco and Catatumbo in Colombia
Mekong forests of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar
Chocó rainforest Ecuador
Khabarovski Krai and Primorski Krai in Siberian Taiga, Russia
Kalimantan, Borneo (Indonesia, Malaysia)
Menabe region of western Madagascar
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