B Block Human Geography - Today we'll look at the purpose of religious calendars and the talk about ceremonies connected to death rituals in various religions.
A Really, Really, good introduction to calendars from the US Navy or this one from the Royal Museum in Greenwich, UK
A Block Legal Studies - Today we'll finish our look at the murder of Timothy Richard McLean who was stabbed repeatedly by Vince Li on Greyhound bus No. 1170 travelling from Edmonton to Winnipeg on the Trans Canada Highway. Li received an NCR designation after he killed Tim McLean, 22, on a Greyhound bus. An NCR verdict does not mean an accused is free to go. It is not the same as an acquittal. Anyone found NCR has their case diverted to a provincial or territorial review board and Review boards assess each case once a year. In a landmark ruling in 1999 (Winko v. British Columbia Forensic Psychiatric Institute), the Supreme Court said that unless an NCR accused poses a significant threat to the safety of the public, they must be discharged. Even so, slightly more than half of all NCR cases lead to some form of detention, according to data from Canada’s Department of Justice.
The National Trajectory Project studied NCR cases in the three most populous provinces in 2015 and found about 84 per cent of accused were men, and on average were 36 years old. Half of the accused had a high school diploma, more than three-quarters were single and 10 per cent were homeless; two-thirds were Canadian born, nearly three per cent had aboriginal status. Before being declared NCR, 72 per cent of accused had at least one previous psychiatric hospitalization and half had a previous criminal conviction or NCR finding. The most common medical diagnosis among the NCR cases was a psychotic spectrum disorder, such as schizophrenia.
After a discussion I'll have you work on questions 2, 4, and 5 from page 270 in the AAL text
2. How are insane automatism and non-insane automatism different?
4. What are the conditions necessary for an NCR ruling?
5. What is the purpose of a “fitness to stand trial” hearing?
D/C Blocks Social and Environmental Sciences - With Young we'll finish A Plastic Ocean
Does Recycling Help?
For the Comox Valley, in curbside "Blue Bin" pickup
You can recycle
Plastic packaging for toys, batteries, etc. (separate plastic from paper backing)
Spiral wound cans and lids for frozen juice concentrate, chips, etc.
Plastic pails less than 25L for laundry detergent, ice cream, etc.
Plastic tubs for yogurt, margarine, etc.
Plastic jars for peanut butter, nuts, condiments, vitamins and supplements, etc.
Empty single-use coffee and tea pods (remove lids and do not include lids with recycling)
Rigid plastic packaging for toys, toothbrushes, batteries, etc. (remove paper backing and recycle separately)
You Cannot recycle
Packaging labelled biodegradable or compostable
Liquid-absorbing pads like in trays of meat, poultry, fish, etc.
Plastic kitchen/food wrap/film
Plastic blister packs, like plastic/foil protective packaging for chewing gum and pills
Ceramic plant pots
Lawn edging, tarps, plastic furniture or toys
Garden hoses
Plastic string or rope
Pails larger than 25L
Microwavable bowls with metal rims
Plastic or foil lids from coffee and tea pods
For the Comox Valley, at recycle depos "Return-It"
You can recycle
Bags for groceries, produce, dry bulk foods, frozen vegetables,
Bags for dry cleaning, bread, newspapers and flyers, water softener, salt, garden products, etc.
Overwrap for diapers, feminine hygiene products, paper towels & soft drink flats
Overwrap on mattresses, furniture and electronic equipment
Zipper lock pouches for frozen foods like prawns, berries, vegetables and fresh foods like fruit, deli meat, etc.
Zipper lock and tear-open pouches for cannabis product
Stand-up pouches for dried fruit and nuts, quinoa, grated cheese, dish detergent pods, etc.
Bags for potato chips, wrappers for cheese slices and candy bars, cereal bags
Packaging for dry pasta, pre-packaged deli meats
Net bags for avocados, onions, citrus fruit
Padded protective plastic like plastic shipping envelopes, bubble wrap, plastic air packets
Flexible packaging with plastic seals for fresh pasta, cheese, deli meats
Plastic seals, like those used on yogurt containers, are also accepted
You cannot recycle
Kitchen stretch wrap
Shrink wrap
Packaging labelled biodegradable or compostable
Lumber or construction wrap
Garbage bags (all colours)
Any bag sold as a product
Plastic squeeze tubes
Plastic-lined paper
Cellophane wrap
Plastic strapping
6-pack ring
Biodegradable plastic
PVC/vinyl
Squishy foam
Plastic blister packs e.g. plastic/foil protective packaging for chewing gum and pills
Currently (Starting November 22, 2021) collection of polystyrene foam packaging (both white and coloured) will be temporarily suspended from Recycle BC Depots.
So what happens to your plastic recycling here in BC? The vast majority of plastic (containers, bags and overwrap) is processed in Metro Vancouver and turned into pellets and flakes that are sold to the plastics industry. However...
The general rule is, the lower the resin code, the more likely the plastic type is to be easily recyclable. Many plastic types can be recycled, even if the process is not widespread, however many plastics aren’t recycled simply because they aren’t easily recyclable. The difference in the recyclability of plastic types can be down to how they are made; thermoset plastics contain polymers that form irreversible chemical bonds and cannot be recycled, whereas thermoplastics can be re-melted and re-molded. Examples of non-recyclable plastics include bioplastics, composite plastic, plastic-coated wrapping paper and polycarbonate. Well known non-recyclable plastics include cling film and blister packaging.
Why aren’t all Plastics Recycled?
There are many economical, environmental and technical reasons as to why a plastic may not be recycled, on top of the way it was made. Thin bags or films run the risk of clogging machines if not separated properly, hence why curbside collections will not accept this mixed plastic recycling.
What Happens to Plastic that isn’t Recycled?
Most commonly, landfill. However plastic waste can often be repurposed or reused, meaning it is diverted from landfill for a period of time, i.e. plastic bags can be reused multiple times before disposal.
“In order to reduce our plastic use, always consider an alternative to a plastic item offered. You can do this with The 4-Rs to Rethinking Plastic:
Refuse: single use plastics end up in our oceans, so ask for alternatives that can be used again.
Reduce: Is it possible to reduce your plastic footprint by eliminating the amount of plastic products used?
Re-use: if you can’t use an alternative to plastic, make sure you re-use it where possible and dispose of responsibly.
Recycle: If you must purchase plastic, opt for items that are recyclable to reduce additional material ending up in landfills. From a sustainability perspective, recycling remains one of our key solutions. Recycling reduces our requirement on virgin plastics (thereby reducing our consumption of oil, as plastic is made from oil) and also prevents used plastic from ending up in the environment.
So, I'd like you to complete a plastic audit at home. What type of plastic is in your recycling? What company is it from? Is it actually recyclable? How much of your plastic did you throw away because it wasn't recyclable?
To help:
With Benton you'll be looking at the Herring Fishery in the Salish Sea from ecological and economical perspectives. Pacific herring play a critical role in the coastal ecosystem. They transfer energy from phyto and zooplanktons to larger marine animals including fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Herring feed Chinook and Coho salmon, Lingcod, Halibut, and marine mammals like seals and humpback whales. Our Southern Resident killer whales (SRKWs) feed on Chinook salmon, so herring feed salmon and salmon feed whales. This will link us to our topic for the Salish Sea activity next week.
For thousands of years, herring had been abundant on the British Columbia coast. Prior to industrial fishing, herring were being fished by Indigenous people using sustainable fishing methods, keeping the returning herring population in abundance. The current Integrated Fisheries Management Plan and the common framework used to manage herring is based on an incomplete picture of past herring populations. The baseline used for estimating biological parameters starts in 1951, when in fact, industrial herring fishing began decades earlier. Four out of five Pacific herring fisheries have collapsed. The Strait of Georgia holds the last remaining commercial fishing grounds with the current 2020/2021 IFMP allowing a quota of 20% the assessed biomass.
First Nations have a long history of sustainably harvesting herring roe for trade and consumption using a method that involves collecting eggs that have been deposited on kelp or hemlock branches suspended near the shore. Such a method allows the spawning herring to live on and spawn again or be eaten by predators, therefore maintaining the herring’s critical ecosystem function.
The traditional First Nations spawn on kelp (SOK) fishery involves the suspension of hemlock branches, kelp fronds, and seaweeds in sheltered spawning areas. Female herring lay eggs in multiple layers on the leaves. When harvesters collect the SOK, the adult fish are left to spawn again in the future. In contrast, the “sac roe” fishery, industrial seine and gillnet boats net schools of herring just before spawning. The roe, which is only 12% of the catch on average, is removed from the female fish for export to Japan. Most of the carcasses from the male and female fish are processed into feed for Atlantic salmon raised in open net-pens. Speaking of salmon...not Atlantic but Pacific
Wild salmon are a pillar of the Pacific Ocean’s ecosystem, Canada’s economy, and BC First Nations peoples’ cultural history. The wild salmon fishing industry contributes $500 million and 4,000 jobs to Canada’s economy. From Pacific Wild's Salmon Count campaign
There are five species of Pacific salmon common to British Columbia waters: Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, Sockeye salmon, Chum salmon, and Pink salmon. Chinooks are also known as King salmon or Spring salmon are the largest of the Pacific BC salmon. Once hatched, a juvenile Chinook salmon will spend between two and 12 months in freshwater, depending whether it is an “ocean-type” or a “stream-type”. They then can live five or more years in the ocean (but typically three or four) before returning to spawn. Coho salmon spend the first one to two years of their life in the river system. They return to spawn after one to three years in the ocean. The Sockeye life cycle consists of one to three years in freshwater followed by two to three years in the ocean. As juveniles, Chum salmon are only one to three months in freshwater. They spend another two to four years in the ocean. Chum also grow larger than Sockeye. Pink salmon are the smallest of the Pacific salmon and not surprisingly, they also have the shortest life cycle: they migrate to the ocean within the first two months after hatching and return two years later. All Pacific salmon are “semelparous”; that is, they spawn only once in their lifetime. After they have laid and fertilized their eggs and their spawning mission is complete, their bodies deteriorate further and they eventually die.
Pacific salmon are in a long-term decline, with many runs verging on collapse as they struggle to survive climate change, habitat destruction and overfishing. According to one estimate, some populations have dropped by as much as 93 percent since the early 1990s. Lately, the situation has grown dire. In 2018, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada assessed sixteen chinook populations in southern BC and warned that half were at risk of disappearing. Nearly 60 per cent of the province's commercial salmon fisheries, once the economic and cultural backbone of the B.C. coast, were forced to shutter in 2021
The Other Epidemic: What's killing the wild salmon?
Four reasons 2020 is set to see the lowest Fraser River sockeye salmon return on record
Today's Fit...
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