C/D Blocks Social and Environmental Sciences - You're in #145 with Benton this morning where you'll work on a farm activity. He has a handout for you that will explain what you need to do...You are an aspiring horticultural farmer (not livestock) and after our visit to Amara Farms you now have a deeper understanding about the knowledge and skills needed to be a farmer. Benton wants you to focus on one crop, which leads to the questions...
Why is it beneficial to diversify and grow at least a few different crops?
What you need to answer is What crop are you going to be growing and why?
Research the following points before answering the above questions with a practical and financial plan:
- Soil type and nutrient requirements, planting temperature, water needs, infrastructure (greenhouse?), time to harvest (multiple crops per year?), volume harvest/ acre (or hectare).
- Seed or seedling costs (source?), labour involved (weeding, thinning, etc.), market value (grocery or farmers market).
- Pests, diseases or problems with this crop
With Young, you'll be in the Library/Learning Commons where you'll look at the Key Issue "Where Is Agriculture Distributed"? Geographer Derwent Whittlesey mapped the world’s agricultural regions in 1936 which helped lay the foundation for the modern division of the Earth into agriculture regions. The five agriculture regions primarily seen in developing countries are intensive subsistence, wet-rice dominant; intensive subsistence, crops other than rice dominant; pastoral nomadism; shifting cultivation; and plantation. In developed countries "agribusiness" include mixed crop and livestock; dairying; grain; ranching; Mediterranean; and commercial gardening. Agribusiness is a broad area that includes food production and services related to agribusiness like food processing, packaging, storing, distributing, and retailing. Canada is the 5th largest agricultural exporter in the world, and the agriculture and agri-food industry employs 2.3 million Canadians (that's 1 in 8 jobs). You'll need to use the links below and fill in the handout I gave you on Friday. For each of the types of agriculture I need you to look for:
- characteristics (size, labour, method, product)
- climate connected
- geographic regions found (and if in BC, where?)
- fun facts!
or at:
A Block Legal Studies - We'll turn our attention today on violent crimes - specifically the categories of homicide in Canada. We'll learn the difference between culpable and non-culpable homicide and examine the levels of murder (first and second degree) as well as manslaughter (voluntary and involuntary)…all done through an interpretive play involving my swivel chair, the floor and possibly a garbage can.
R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46
229 Culpable homicide is murder
(a) where the person who causes the death of a human being
- (i) means to cause his death, or
- (ii) means to cause him bodily harm that he knows is likely to cause his death, and is reckless whether death ensues or not;
(b) where a person, meaning to cause death to a human being or meaning to cause him bodily harm that he knows is likely to cause his death, and being reckless whether death ensues or not, by accident or mistake causes death to another human being, notwithstanding that he does not mean to cause death or bodily harm to that human being; or
(c) if a person, for an unlawful object, does anything that they know is likely to cause death, and by doing so causes the death of a human being, even if they desire to effect their object without causing death or bodily harm to any human being.
231 (1) Murder is first degree murder or second degree murder.
(2) Murder is first degree murder when it is planned and deliberate.
(3) Contracted Murder is Murder in the First Degree
(4) Murder of peace officer is Murder in the First Degree
(5) Murder while Hijacking, sexual assault or kidnapping is Murder in the First Degree
(7) All murder that is not first degree murder is second degree murder.
232 (1) Culpable homicide that otherwise would be murder may be reduced to manslaughter if the person who committed it did so in the heat of passion caused by sudden provocation.
233 A female person commits infanticide when by a willful act or omission she causes the death of her newly-born child
234 Culpable homicide that is not murder or infanticide is manslaughter.
There is a mandatory minimum sentence of life imprisonment for being convicted of either first degree or second-degree murder. For first degree murder, life imprisonment comes with no possibility of parole for 25 years. For second degree murder, life imprisonment comes with no possibility of parole for a minimum of 10 years. There is no minimum punishment for manslaughter, meaning that it carries a very wide sentencing range. If a firearm is used, however, a mandatory minimum punishment of four years is in effect. Otherwise, there is only the maximum, which is imprisonment for life.
In 2021 there were 788 homicides in Canada, 29 more than 2020. The national homicide rate increased 3% from 2.00 homicides per 100,000 population in 2020, to 2.06 homicides per 100,000 population in 2021. Police-reported 190 Indigenous victims of homicide, 18 fewer than in 2020. Despite the decrease, the rate of homicide for Indigenous peoples (9.17 per 100,000 population) was approximately 6 times higher than the rate for non-Indigenous people (1.55 per 100,000 population). The rate of homicide for individuals identified by police as persons of a group designated as racialized increased 34% in 2021 to 2.51 homicides per 100,000 population. This rate was higher than for victims identified as belonging to the rest of the population (1.81 homicides per 100,000 population). In 2021, four in ten (41%) homicides were firearm-related. The firearm was recovered in 29% of firearm-related homicides. Of the 297 firearm-related homicides that occurred in 2021, almost half (46%) were considered by police to be gang-related.
Saskatchewan's homicide rate is once again the highest of all provinces. Saskatchewan accounted for 70 of the 788 homicides reported nationally, for a rate of 5.93 homicides per 100,000 people - the highest of all provinces and more than double the national rate. In 2021, Regina recorded the highest homicide rate among 35 census metropolitan areas: 15 homicides for a homicide rate of 5.67 homicides per 100,000 people. Thunder Bay, Ont., came next with a rate of 5.63 while Winnipeg, Man., finished at 5.39.
- What factors might explain these high homicide rates?
- Do any of these statistics surprise you?
We'll finish the morning by looking at R. v. Nette (2001) and answer questions 1-4 on the case together. In terms of the Nette case and causation the citation states:
A 95-year-old widow who lived alone was robbed and left bound with electrical wire on her bed with a garment around her head and neck. Sometime during the next 48 hours, she died from asphyxiation. During an RCMP undercover operation, the accused told a police officer that he had been involved in the robbery and death. The accused was charged with first degree murder under s. 231(5) of the Criminal Code -- murder while committing the offence of unlawful confinement -- and tried before a judge and jury. At trial, he claimed that he had fabricated the admission. He testified that he had gone alone to the victim’s house only with intent to break and enter, that the back door to the house was open as though someone already had broken into the home, and that he left after finding the victim already dead in her bedroom. The trial judge charged the jury on manslaughter, second degree murder and first degree murder under s. 231(5) of the Code. In response to a request from the jury that he clarify the elements of first degree murder and the “substantial cause” test, the trial judge essentially reiterated his charge. Overall, he charged that the standard of causation for manslaughter and second degree murder was that the accused’s actions must have been “more than a trivial cause” of the victim’s death while, for first degree murder under s. 231(5), the accused’s actions also must have been a “substantial cause” of her death. On two occasions, however, once in the main charge and once in the re-charge, he described the standard of causation for second degree murder as “the slight or trivial cause necessary to find second degree murder” instead of “more than a trivial cause”. The jury found the accused guilty of second degree murder and the Court of Appeal upheld that verdict. The only ground of appeal both before the Court of Appeal and this Court concerned the test of causation applicable to second degree murder.The Nette case deals with "causation" and murder which helps with questions 3-4-5 on p. 221 that I'll have you work on for me.
B Block Human Geography - Today, we'll look at housing (looking at folk housing vs popular housing). We'll watch the video on Toraja village in Indonesia and then we'll talk about feng shui and popular housing locally...The Comox Box.
During the 1970s, affordability became a major factor in the home buying process. To help make housing more affordable, builders reduced lot sizes and increased the density of developments. To appeal to first-time buyers and stimulate the housing market, CMHC (then Central, now Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation) introduced the Assisted Home Ownership Program (AHOP) in 1971, to help low-income people attain home ownership. This meant that the average lot size in "newer" (1970's) Comox and Courtenay developments was reduced to 0.19 acre and the house size was increased to about 1800 square feet.
You'll have some questions to work on for me
Today's Fit...
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