C Block Human Geography - Today we'll try to answer the Key Question Where Do People Migrate Within a Country? Today I'll give you some notes about internal migration in Russia, Canada, China, and Brazil...Migration between Regions in the Two Largest Countries - The world’s largest countries in land area are Russia and Canada. Interregional migration has been an important means to opening up regions of these large countries for economic development. Migration in Canada was voluntary and in Russia during the Soviet Era it was sometimes forced. Migration Between Regions in China and Brazil - The world’s largest countries in land area other than Russia, Canada, and the United States are China and Brazil. Government policies encourage interregional migration in Brazil by moving the capital of the Brazil from the densely populated southern coastal city of Rio de Janeiro to the sparsely populated interior city of Brasilia. The Chinese have restricted the migration of people from the interior to the coast.
Next, we'll look at (and yep you've got a thing to do on it) urbanization, suburbanization, and counterurbanization (which is not the same as exurbanization where upper class city dwellers move out of cities, beyond the suburbs, to live in high-end housing in the countryside). During the last century, global populations have urbanized rapidly...globally 13% of people lived in urban environments in the year 1900, 29% of people lived in urban environments in the year 1950, and some projections suggest that, by 2030, the proportion of people globally living in cities may reach 60%.
In 2020, 81.5% of Canadians lived in an urban centre, compared to 45% in 1911 (Statistics Canada defines an urban area as community with 1,000 residents or more). Nearly three in four Canadians (73.7%) lived in one of Canada's large urban centres in 2021, up from 73.2% five years earlier.
Downtowns are growing fast, and more rapidly than before. From 2016 to 2021, the downtown populations of the large urban centres grew faster (+10.9%) than the urban centres as a whole (+6.1%). Overall, suburbs farthest from downtowns were generally growing at a faster pace (+8.8%) than the urban fringe (+3.7%) and suburbs closer to downtowns (+5.8%). Note: An urban fringe is located less than a 10 minute drive from downtown; A near suburb is located within 10 to 20 minutes from downtown; An intermediate suburb is located within 20 to 30 minutes from downtown and; A distant suburb is 30 minutes or more from downtown.
Urbanization tends to correlate positively with industrialization. With the promise of greater employment opportunities that come from industrialization, people from rural areas will go to cities in pursuit of greater economic rewards. Strong population growth in suburban municipalities located close to or in urban areas is frequently fuelled by an influx of young adults leaving the core of large urban areas to live on their own and often to start a family. Peripheral municipalities located close to central municipalities usually gain migrants from the central municipality, but at the same time, they also lose migrants to more distant suburbs. Ultimately, the rapid growth of more distant suburbs is the result of multiple nested migration patterns occurring as people relocate from the centre of large urban centres to the periphery. As well, other Canadians may be drawn to more distant suburbs by lower housing prices, greater availability of residential developments or a desire to live closer to nature. With the increased ability to telework and the less frequent need to commute, some may have chosen to relocate to more distant suburbs where housing can provide more space for less cost than in central municipalities.
D Block Physical Geography - Today we'll begin the class by looking at Yellowstone and caldera supervolcanoes 😯
Yellowstone Caldera is a volcanic crater some 40- by 25-miles large, left behind when 240 cubic miles of debris ruptured out of the Earth and into the air during volcanic discharge some 630,000 years ago. Lava flowed into the breach, filling it, which may account for the lack of a deeper crater. Long before that, 2 million years ago, volcanic activity blew 600 cubic miles of Yellowstone debris into the air. The upper chamber, which caused the historic blasts and is closest to the surface, is 2,500 cubic miles in volume and measures about 19 by 55 miles. The lower reservoir, which has a volume of 11,200 cubic miles, measures about 30 by 44 miles and is about 16 miles thick. An eruption in the next few thousand years, however, is extremely unlikely, the yearly chance sits at 1 in 700,000
and the really bad DocuDrama movie SUPERVOLCANO
and the really bad DocuDrama movie SUPERVOLCANO
You have your explosive and effusive Volcano 🌋 questions to work on
A Block Legal Studies - Today to start the class, we'll watch an episode of Law & Order. We'll watch "Bodies" from season 14 (January 2003). From IMDb...
A serial killer refuses to tell Jack McCoy the names and locations of all of his victims. The killer's defense attorney has the information too, but refuses to disclose it because of attorney-client privilege.
The episode is a dramatization of the case of Robert Garrow Sr.. The following comes from the Crime Library story on Robert Garrow. In that case, his two defense attorneys were cleared of legal and ethical charges. In the Garrow case, the lawyers were tried with violating health codes by not reporting the location of the decomposing bodies. Attorneys Francis Belge and Frank Armani paid a heavy price for their questionable conduct in defense of Garrow. Both lawyers received death threats during and after Garrow's trial. They took to carrying loaded guns in their briefcases and lived in fear for many years that someone would take revenge for their stubborn defense of a ruthless killer. Their respective law practices crumbled. Clients and friends deserted them. For years, they continued to defend their decision to withhold information that would have led to the discovery of Susan Petz and Alicia Hauck. Both men believed their conduct was in compliance with their oath as attorneys.
“To Belge and me, this oath was and is a serious matter, a sacred trust. At the time we took our oath of office, neither of us had the slightest idea of the awesome consequences it would someday carry,” Armani later wrote.
The concept of lawyer-client confidentiality is long-established in U.S. history a lawyer is obligated to protect a client's confidentiality but, as an officer of the court, they cannot alter or conceal evidence in an ongoing investigation. The bodies of Susan Petz and Alicia Hauck were considered evidence and, during their visits to their gravesites, Belge and Armani may have disturbed the crime scenes.
From 2016 a podcast The Buried Bodies Case "This episode we consider a string of barbaric crimes by a hated man, and the attorney who, when called to defend him, also wound up defending a core principle of our legal system. When Frank Armani learned his client’s most gruesome secrets, he made a morally startling decision that stunned the world and goes to the heart of what it means to be a defense attorney - how far should lawyers go to provide the best defense to the worst people?"
In the Law & Order episode, Schwimmer (the Defense attorney) is charged with being an accessory to murder, since he had to unlock and re-lock the location of the bodies, a novel legal maneuver that is challenged unsuccessfully by his attorney. Schwimmer's conviction means he is automatically disbarred, so he is no longer held by privilege. Lawyers sent to prison can't be forced to break with their past cases, unless they were sent to prison as part of a conspiracy in a particular case. Even then, they only have to talk about the case they were convicted in, which is exactly what happens to Schwimmer.
B Block Criminology - Today we'll watch the Law & Order: Special Victim's Unit episode "Closure" This episode deals with the short and long-term effects of a sexual assault on a victim. From TV.com
"Benson does her best to help a rape victim who is able to describe her attack in perfect detail, yet unable to properly identify her attacker when push comes to shove. When the detectives revisit the case a few months later, they find the woman even less willing to talk about what happened, as she claims she has moved on."
I want you to think hard during this episode and pay careful attention to what happens with Harper's character. What are the short and long term impacts on victims of Crime? I want you to think hard during this episode and pay careful attention to what happens with Harper's character as it will form a base for your blog entry on Monday. Try to take notes and have a discussion on what the short and long term impacts the sexual assault had on the character Harper in the episode.
You can then work on your multiple murder (serial/mass) question from yesterday
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