C Block Human Geography - Today we are back in the learning commons / library where you need to finish up your research for your immigrant/migration project. Remember, you will imagine yourself in the role of a refugee/migrant who has relocated from one part of the world to another. Your job is to research in detail the many factors that are involved in a migration. You will need to produce a thorough written summary of your personal migration (A.K.A. Diary or Reflection journal or Newspaper article).
From last May:
And currently...
Ukrainian refugees are welcomed with open arms – not so with people fleeing other war-torn countries
What is the greatest danger to Orting? Of all that could potentially happen at Mount Rainier what poses the greatest threat? Now ask yourself what triggers that threat? What causes it to happen? Last think about the statistical likelihood of that event happening. How likely is the event to occur in the next 5, 10, 100, or 1000 years?Check out the risk analysis section of the COTF website for help here. I'll remind you that this assignment is due next Wednesday and it is crucial that you hand it in to me as we will be at the end of our unit. Maybe take a look at this article. Or the video "How dangerous are the Northwest's Volcanoes?"
And more websites to help you with your decision:
Mount Rainier: Active Cascade Volcano (pdf downloadable book)
A Block Legal Studies - I'll have you look at the R. v. Parks (1992) case and I'll have you and a partner work on the case questions (1-4) together.
After I'll get you to look at the R. v. Williams (2003) case. In terms of the Williams case, another example of an HIV related aggravated sexual assault case involved former CFL athlete Trevis Smith. A review of the decision (sentenced to five and a half years in 2007 and was paroled in 2010) can be found here at CBC News. In terms of Willful Blindness, because of the Sansregret case, the Supreme Court of Canada held that the concepts of recklessness and willful blindness are not the same and that it is wise to keep the two concepts separate. The court then defined each concept as follows (Stuart: 211):
B Block Criminology - Today we'll discuss homicide. We'll discuss the divisions of murder in Canada, the extent of murder in Canada, and murderous relations (acquaintance and stranger homicide). A homicide occurs when a person directly or indirectly, by any means, causes the death of a human being. Homicide is either culpable (murder, manslaughter or infanticide) or non-culpable (not an offence). A murder occurs when a person intentionally, by a willful act or omission, causes the death of another human being, or means to cause bodily harm that the person knows is likely to cause death.
- Recklessness involves knowledge of a danger or risk and persistence in a course of conduct which creates a risk that the prohibited result will occur,
- Willful blindness arises where a person who has become aware of the need for some inquiry declines to make the inquiry because he does not wish to know the truth.
After, you'll have time to work on questions 1-5 on page 123 and then questions 1-5 on page 130 of the All About Law textbook
B Block Criminology - Today we'll discuss homicide. We'll discuss the divisions of murder in Canada, the extent of murder in Canada, and murderous relations (acquaintance and stranger homicide). A homicide occurs when a person directly or indirectly, by any means, causes the death of a human being. Homicide is either culpable (murder, manslaughter or infanticide) or non-culpable (not an offence). A murder occurs when a person intentionally, by a willful act or omission, causes the death of another human being, or means to cause bodily harm that the person knows is likely to cause death.
First degree murder occurs when:
- it is planned and deliberate; or
- the victim is a person employed and acting in the course of his/her work for the preservation and maintenance of the public peace (e.g. police officer, correctional worker); or
- the death is caused by a person committing or attempting to commit certain serious offences (e.g. treason, kidnapping, hijacking, sexual assault, robbery and arson).
Second degree murder is all murder that is not first degree while Manslaughter is culpable homicide that is not murder or infanticide.
In Canada, homicides represent a fraction of the total number of police-reported violent Criminal Code offences each year. In 2020, 0.2% of violent crimes were considered a homicide (that is, first degree murder, second degree murder, infanticide or manslaughter). While homicide occurs relatively infrequently in Canada, homicide rates are considered a benchmark for measuring levels of violent activity both in Canada and internationally. Statistics Canada says that 2020 saw 743 homicides in Canada (1.95 per 100,000) 56 more, or a 6.98% change, from 2019 and this was the fourth consecutive year where the rate exceeded the average for the previous decade (1.67 per 100,000 population).
Some Statistics of note:
Overall, the increase in homicides nationally was the result of more homicides in Alberta (+39, the second significant increase in a row and largely the result of 15 more homicides in both the Calgary and Edmonton CMAs), Nova Scotia (+29...In April 2020, 22 people were killed and 3 others were injured in a mass shooting in Nova Scotia, marking the deadliest mass shooting in Canadian history) and Quebec (+10).
In contrast, with 19 fewer homicides in 2020, Ontario recorded another significant decrease following a drop in 2019.
As has been the case with provincial comparisons historically, rates were highest in Saskatchewan (5.09 homicides per 100,000 population) and Manitoba (4.50), while the rate in Nova Scotia was 3.57.
Among the 474 solved homicides where a relationship between the accused and the victim was reported, 82% (388) were committed by a person the victim knew. The majority of solved homicides in Canada in 2020 were committed by an acquaintance (38%) or a family member (31%, including 10% killed by a spouse and 20% by another family member). An additional 5% of victims were killed by someone with whom they had a current or former non-spousal intimate relationship and 8% by someone with whom they had a criminal relationship.
In contrast, 18% of homicides in 2020 were committed by a stranger.
In 2020, the homicide rate for Indigenous victims was seven times higher than the rate for non-Indigenous people (10.05 per 100,000 population for Indigenous peoples, compared with 1.41 per 100,000 for non-Indigenous people). Homicide rates were almost eight times greater for Indigenous men (16.50 per 100,000) than non-Indigenous men (2.14 per 100,000). Among women, rates were almost five and half times greater (3.76 per 100,000 Indigenous women compared with 0.69 per 100,000 non-Indigenous women).
In 2020, police reported 277 homicides committed with a firearm in Canada, 15 more than in 2019. This represents a 6% increase in the national rate of firearm-related homicides and marks the second year in a row that the rate of firearm-related homicides increased in Canada. In 2020, 49% of firearm-related homicides were committed with a handgun.
Approximately 8 out of every 10 gang-related homicides in Canada were committed with a firearm and, of these, 81% were committed with a handgun. While the rate of firearm-related homicides increased in 2020, the rate of gang-related homicides decreased 10%. In 2020, there were 148 gang-related homicides, a decrease of 14 victims (-9%) from 2019. This was the largest year-over-year decrease in gang-related homicides since 2013.
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