Today's schedule is A-AG-B-C-D
A & C Blocks Social Studies 10 - Today we'll
look at the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman and Mary Ann Shadd and you'll
need to add question 4 from page 64 of the Horizons text and the following:
Using pages 60 – 64 of the Horizons textbook explain the significance (importance) of Mary Ann Shadd in early Canadian history (why is she important to know about)? Think about the role of women in society and the attitudes towards minorities (non-white) in Canada at the time.
For more on the Underground Railroad see:
The Underground Railroad (Scholastic)
The Underground Railroad (National
Geographic)
Tracks to Freedom: Canada & The Underground
Railroad
The Underground Railroad: Freedom Trail
PBS Africans in America: The Underground
Railroad
Mary Ann Shadd Biography
Black History Canada: The Underground
Railroad
If there's time, I'll talk with you a bit about the Slave Haven Underground Railroad Museum at the
Burkle Estate that I visited in Memphis Tennessee. The map above will help you
visualize the routes to Canada. Monday sees us look at the characters involved
in the Upper Canada Rebellion.
B Block Law 12 - Please read through "Parties to an Offence" in the All About Law text from pages
131-133 (Aiding or Abetting and Accessory After the Fact) and complete questions
1-3 on page 133. From the Halton District School Board in
Ontario:
The Perpetrator: is the person who actually
commits the criminal offence. When more than one person is directly involved in
committing a crime, they are called co-perpetrators. In every case, the person
actually has to be present at the scene of the offence to be identified as
either a perpetrator of co-perpetrator. A person who commits an offence, aids a
person to commit an offence, or abets a person in committing an offence is
defined as a party to an offence under section 21 of the Criminal
Code.
Aiding and Abetting: Aiding means helping a
perpetrator commit a crime. To aid the perpetrator, one does not have to be
present when the offence is committed. Abet means to encourage without actually
providing physical assistance. Two things must be proved before an accused can
be convicted of being a party by aiding or abetting. The first is that the
accused had knowledge that the other intended to commit anoffence. The second is
that the accused aided or abetted the other. Mere presence at the scene is not
conclusive evidence of aiding or abetting. Under section 21(2), a person who
plans an offence is just as guilty as a person who actually commits the offence.
However, a person is not guilty if his/her action is not intended to assist in
the commission of an offence.
Counselling: The separate
offence of counselling, (s. 22), is similar to abetting but is much broader in
scope. Counselling includes the acts of advising, recommending, persuading or
recruiting another person to commit an offence (procuring, soliciting or
inciting"). A person who counsels does not have to be present at the scene of
the crime.
Accessories After the Fact: The Criminal Code
provides a penalty for a person who is an accessory after the fact as outlined
in section 23. Knowingly assisting a person who has committed a crime to escape
capture includes providing food, clothing, or shelter to the offender. One
exception to his law is the favoured relationship between a legally married
couple. A man or woman cannot be held responsible for assisting in the escape of
a spouse and someone escaping with a spouse. An accessory after the fact is one
who receives, comforts or assists any one who has been a party to an offence in
order to enable him/her to escape, knowing him/her to be a party thereto. There
are three constituent elements of the offence of being an accessory after the
fact: knowledge that a crime has been committed; an intent to assist the
criminal to escape; and an act or omission intended to aid a
criminal.
Next, please read through "Our Criminal Court System" from
pages 134-136 and complete questions 1-5 on page 138
The Criminal Court
System in Canada
Provincial Courts —
Criminal Division (example: the British Columbia Provincial
Court)
This is the trial court that most students will be familiar
with as it involves the finding of facts, witness testimony, and the
introduction of evidence. If a mistake is made at this stage, then an appeal can
be made to a higher court. This court:
• arraigns the accused (reads the
charge and enters the plea) in all criminal cases
• holds preliminary
hearings for most severe indictable offences, where the accused elects to have
the case tried in a higher court
• hears and tries criminal summary
conviction cases and the least serious indictable offences such as theft under
$5000
The judges in this court are appointed by the provincial
governments.
Provincial Superior
Court — Appeals and Trials (example: the British Columbia Supreme Court)
This court is the court of first
appeal with respect to criminal cases arising in the provincial court. This
court:
• tries the more severe crimes such as manslaughter and sexual
assault, and the most severe indictable offences such as murder and armed
robbery
• hears criminal appeals in summary conviction cases
• sets
provincial precedent; decisions must be followed by provincial court judges in
that province
• can be composed of a judge alone or a judge and
jury
The judges in this court are appointed by the federal
government.
Provincial Court of Appeal (example: the
British Columbia Court of Appeal)
This is the highest court and
the final court of appeal in the province. Many appeals stop here as the Supreme
Court of Canada accepts only appeals that are deemed to be of great importance.
Appeals are heard by three or more judges, depending on the case. Their
decisions may be either unanimous or majority judgments. Split two-to-one
judgments are not uncommon. When the court releases its decision, it also
provides explanations for the majority vote, and dissenting judges provide their
reasons for disagreeing. This court:
• hears appeals from the trial
division of provincial superior courts
• sets provincial precedent; decisions
must be followed by all judges in that province
• has three to five judges to
hear all appeals
The judges in this court are appointed by the federal
government.
Federal
Courts
This is Canada’s national court system that hears legal
disputes with the federal government. In 2003, the former Federal Court of
Canada was separated into two distinct courts: the Federal Court, and the
Federal Court of Appeal. The Federal Court has jurisdiction over cases involving
federal government boards, tribunals and commissions, and issues within federal
jurisdiction. These include immigration and citizenship matters, and
intellectual property (such as copyright and trademark issues), as well as cases
involving the federal government. The Federal Court of Appeal hears appeals of
decisions by the Federal Court. Decisions of this court may be appealed to the
Supreme Court of Canada. Both the Federal Court and the Federal Court of Appeal
have regional offices in all major cities in Canada, although the judges and the
main court facilities are located in Ottawa.
Supreme Court of
Canada
The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) is the final court of
appeal in our country. Even though the SCC is the highest court in the land, not
all parties — individuals, organizations, or even governments — have the right
to appeal to it. Before it agrees to hear an appeal, the court determines if the
issue is of great importance or if a question of law must be decided or
interpreted. However, there is an automatic right of appeal when there is a
split decision from a provincial court of appeal. Like the provincial courts of
appeal, the SCC may be either unanimous or split. The Supreme Court of
Canada:
• has unlimited jurisdiction in criminal matters
• hears
appeals from provincial appeal courts and the Federal Court of Appeal
• hears
cases of national importance (for example, interprets the Charter of Rights and
Freedoms or clarifies a criminal law matter)
• generally grants leave
(permission) before the appeal will be heard
• sets a national precedent in
its judgments; these decisions must be followed by all judges in all courts of
Canada
The nine judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the federal
government and can serve until age 75.
D Block Criminology 12 - Today we're back in the library for you to continue your blog work. This new
entry should be your third entry and I'd like you to find out as much
information as you can about two notorious Canadian murderers... Clifford Robert Olson
Jr. (Serial) and Marc
Lépine (Mass). For this assignment I'd like you to tell me what they did and
why they did it....use Levin & Fox's typology of serial and mass murder to
explain motives. Do not use Wikipedia as your source for this assignment use the
links on the names above. Aside from answering what they did and why they did
it, also try to answer what can we learn from their horrific actions and is it
ever possible to stop people like this in Canada? Why or Why not?
No comments:
Post a Comment