Nestled away, in the back corner of G.P. Vanier, you'll find room 115 (we used to be 611). Lurking in the shadows of this room is Mr. Young...waiting to pounce on unsuspecting students and natter on about volcanoes, hail, psychopathy, criminal law defenses, cultural diffusion, media theories, crime, and urban models of city development. He loves his job in 115 and can't wait to work with you this year.
B Block Physical Geography - Quiz time. Today is your Geomorphology quiz and if you prepared I'm certain you'll do fine. You may use your work/note package to help. There are 22 multiple selection questions in total which should take you about a half hour to 40 minutes to complete. What are we doing for the rest of the class? Oh today we start with weather, the best topic ever! I'll have you brainstorm a list of things you know (or think you know) about weather and then I'll try to answer questions you've always wanted answered about the topic. I'm so excited to be starting weather! Hail, lightning, tornadoes, and hurricanes are four on "the list" get ready, it's going to be a bumpy ride. Why study weather, besides the fact that it is awesome...yes it is and you know it, maybe because it can impact our lives significantly. From the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters (2021)…In 2021 (as of October 8), there were 18 weather/climate disaster events with losses exceeding $1 billion each to affect the United States. These events included 1 drought event, 2 flooding events, 9 severe storm events, 4 tropical cyclone events, 1 wildfire event, and 1 winter storm event. Overall, these events resulted in the deaths of 538 people and had significant economic effects on the areas impacted. The 1980–2020 annual average is 7.1 events; the annual average for the most recent 5 years (2016–2020) is 16.2 events.
A Block Criminology - So, to curb the power of cartels or gangs should we take some radical action? Should we cut off their source of income (like drugs and sex trade workers)? Here are two questions for you to answer:
Should drugs be legalized? Why? If you believe drugs should be legalized, think about whether all drugs should be legalized or just a select few. Why should certain drugs be legalized and others not?
Should prostitution be legalized? Why? If you believe it should be legalized, should all the forms of prostitution described in your text be legalized, or only a select few? If prostitution were legalized should government be able to exercise some control over it?
For the legalization of drugs question as you probably already know, the federal government legalized non-medical cannabis on October 17, 2018. So why? Part of the reason was that the proceeds from the illegal drug trade support organized crime and greater threats to public safety, like human trafficking and hard drugs.
Now it's not all sunshine and rainbows but 20 years ago, in 2001, Portugal decriminalised the personal possession of all drugs as part of a wider re-orientation of policy towards a health-led approach. Possessing drugs for personal use is instead treated as an administrative offence, meaning it is no longer punishable by imprisonment and does not result in a criminal record and associated stigma. Check out the article here.
For the sex trade question "Should we legalize prostitution"? Think about the two opposing views:
Sexual Equality View The prostitute is a victim of male dominance. In patriarchal societies, male power is predicated on female subjugation, and prostitution is a clear example of this gender exploitation
Free Choice View Prostitution, if freely chosen, expresses woman’s equality and is not a symptom of subjugation.
To help, we will understand the different types of sex trade workers (street walkers, circuit travelers, bar girls, brothels, call girls and escort services). It is important to note:
The Supreme Court of Canada struck down the country's anti-prostitution laws in a unanimous decision, and gave Parliament one year to come up with new legislation — should it choose to do so. In striking down laws prohibiting brothels, living on the avails of prostitution and communicating in public with clients, the top court ruled that the laws were over-broad and "grossly disproportionate." The government replaced the law with Bill C-36 (2014) which received Royal Assent and became law on December 6, 2014. These laws are being challenged once again in the Supreme Court of Canada. To find out more check out more on the escort agency challenge here.
C/D Blocks Social and Environmental Sciences - All Benton today and your topic is FISH! To start, you'll be looking at the Herring Fishery in the Salish Sea from ecological and economical perspectives. Pacific herring play a critical role in the coastal ecosystem. They transfer energy from phyto and zooplanktons to larger marine animals including fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Herring feed Chinook and Coho salmon, Lingcod, Halibut, and marine mammals like seals and humpback whales. Our Southern Resident killer whales (SRKWs) feed on Chinook salmon, so herring feed salmon and salmon feed whales. This will link us to our topic for the Salish Sea activity next week.
A really good resource is the Pacific Wild Campaign "Protect Pacific Herring" In 2021 the Georgia Strait, in the Salish Sea, is the only Herring fishery on the west coast of Canada open through the DFO IFMO. From Pacific Wild's report...
For thousands of years, herring had been abundant on the British Columbia coast. Prior to industrial fishing, herring were being fished by Indigenous people using sustainable fishing methods, keeping the returning herring population in abundance. The current Integrated Fisheries Management Plan and the common framework used to manage herring is based on an incomplete picture of past herring populations. The baseline used for estimating biological parameters starts in 1951, when in fact, industrial herring fishing began decades earlier. Four out of five Pacific herring fisheries have collapsed. The Strait of Georgia holds the last remaining commercial fishing grounds with the current 2020/2021 IFMP allowing a quota of 20% the assessed biomass.
First Nations have a long history of sustainably harvesting herring roe for trade and consumption using a method that involves collecting eggs that have been deposited on kelp or hemlock branches suspended near the shore. Such a method allows the spawning herring to live on and spawn again or be eaten by predators, therefore maintaining the herring’s critical ecosystem function.
The traditional First Nations spawn on kelp (SOK) fishery involves the suspension of hemlock branches, kelp fronds, and seaweeds in sheltered spawning areas. Female herring lay eggs in multiple layers on the leaves. When harvesters collect the SOK, the adult fish are left to spawn again in the future. In contrast, the “sac roe” fishery, industrial seine and gillnet boats net schools of herring just before spawning. The roe, which is only 12% of the catch on average, is removed from the female fish for export to Japan. Most of the carcasses from the male and female fish are processed into feed for Atlantic salmon raised in open net-pens. Speaking of salmon...not Atlantic but Pacific
Wild salmon are a pillar of the Pacific Ocean’s ecosystem, Canada’s economy, and BC First Nations peoples’ cultural history. The wild salmon fishing industry contributes $500 million and 4,000 jobs to Canada’s economy. From Pacific Wild's Salmon Count campaign
Wild salmon are the lifeblood of the B.C. coast, connecting and feeding the ocean and forest. Each spring, young salmon swim from river to sea, where they grow and feed killer whales, sea lions, and a multitude of marine animals. In autumn, bears, wolves, eagles, gulls, and other wildlife gather in estuaries and along rivers to feast on adults returning to spawn. The end of the salmon life cycle brings an essential surge of ocean-derived nutrients to the trees and mycorrhizal networks below ground that line the banks of each river. These marine nutrients transported by salmon have been found in the tops of trees and have been correlated with higher abundance and diversity of birds. Wild salmon literally feed the forests we love.
There are five species of Pacific salmon common to British Columbia waters: Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, Sockeye salmon, Chum salmon, and Pink salmon. Chinooks are also known as King salmon or Spring salmon are the largest of the Pacific BC salmon. Once hatched, a juvenile Chinook salmon will spend between two and 12 months in freshwater, depending whether it is an “ocean-type” or a “stream-type”. They then can live five or more years in the ocean (but typically three or four) before returning to spawn. Coho salmon spend the first one to two years of their life in the river system. They return to spawn after one to three years in the ocean. The Sockeye life cycle consists of one to three years in freshwater followed by two to three years in the ocean. As juveniles, Chum salmon are only one to three months in freshwater. They spend another two to four years in the ocean. Chum also grow larger than Sockeye. Pink salmon are the smallest of the Pacific salmon and not surprisingly, they also have the shortest life cycle: they migrate to the ocean within the first two months after hatching and return two years later. All Pacific salmon are “semelparous”; that is, they spawn only once in their lifetime. After they have laid and fertilized their eggs and their spawning mission is complete, their bodies deteriorate further and they eventually die.
Pacific salmon are in a long-term decline, with many runs verging on collapse as they struggle to survive climate change, habitat destruction and overfishing. According to one estimate, some populations have dropped by as much as 93 percent since the early 1990s. Lately, the situation has grown dire. In 2018, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada assessed sixteen chinook populations in southern BC and warned that half were at risk of disappearing. Nearly 60 per cent of the province's commercial salmon fisheries, once the economic and cultural backbone of the B.C. coast, were forced to shutter in 2021
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